What is a potential consequence of pump cavitation?

Pump cavitation occurs when the pressure in the pump drops below the vapor pressure of the liquid being pumped, leading to the formation of vapor bubbles. When these bubbles travel to areas of higher pressure within the pump, they collapse violently. This phenomenon can generate shock waves that can cause significant damage to the pump's internal components, including wear and erosion of the impeller and casing, loss of efficiency, and ultimately, pump failure.

The answer highlighting pump damage is correct because cavitation is known to shorten the lifespan of the pump and lead to costly repairs or replacements. Understanding this consequence is crucial for operators, as it emphasizes the importance of monitoring operating conditions to prevent cavitation and ensure the longevity and reliability of the pumping system.