The term pathogenic refers to:

The term "pathogenic" specifically refers to organisms or substances that are capable of causing disease. In the context of water quality, pathogenic organisms can include bacteria, viruses, and parasites that pose health risks to humans and animals. These organisms can contaminate water sources and lead to illnesses if ingested, making it crucial for water treatment facilities to monitor and control for these pathogenic factors to ensure safe drinking water.

Understanding the implications of pathogenicity is essential for those in the water industry, as it directly relates to public health. Monitoring for pathogenic organisms allows for timely interventions to protect communities and comply with safety regulations.

The other options do not align with the definition of pathogenic. For instance, environmental pollutants refer to harmful substances in the environment that can have various effects, but they do not inherently cause illness in the way that pathogens do. Non-toxic substances do not create health hazards and therefore do not fit the characterization of being pathogenic. Lastly, pathways of water flow involve the movement of water through various systems but do not pertain to the nature of organisms causing disease.