Texas Commission on Environmental Quality (TCEQ). Class C Water License Exam

Excessive nitrates in drinking water can cause which condition that affects infants under 6 months?

1. Blue baby syndrome

2. Respiratory distress

3. Dehydration

4. Acidosis

The correct answer is: Blue baby syndrome

Excessive nitrates in drinking water can lead to a condition commonly known as "blue baby syndrome," or methemoglobinemia. This condition predominantly affects infants under 6 months old, as their bodies are less capable of processing nitrates compared to older children and adults. When nitrates are ingested, they are converted into nitrites in the body, which then interfere with the blood's ability to carry oxygen. Specifically, nitrites can convert hemoglobin into methemoglobin, which does not bind oxygen effectively. As a result, infants may exhibit symptoms such as a bluish discoloration of the skin, particularly around the mouth and extremities, indicating insufficient oxygenation of the blood. Understanding the implications of high nitrate levels in drinking water is crucial for ensuring the safety of vulnerable populations, particularly young infants. Monitoring and managing nitrate levels in water systems is an important public health measure to prevent this potentially serious condition.